Kisah Para Rasul 17:7

17:7 and ¹  Jason has welcomed them as guests! They ²  are all acting against Caesar’s ³  decrees, saying there is another king named ⁴  Jesus!” ⁵ 

Kisah Para Rasul 19:40

19:40 For ⁶  we are in danger of being charged with rioting ⁷  today, since there is no cause we can give to explain ⁸  this disorderly gathering.” ⁹ 

Kisah Para Rasul 22:24

22:24 the commanding officer ¹⁰  ordered Paul ¹¹  to be brought back into the barracks. ¹²  He told them ¹³  to interrogate Paul ¹⁴  by beating him with a lash ¹⁵  so that he could find out the reason the crowd ¹⁶  was shouting at Paul ¹⁷  in this way.

Kisah Para Rasul 25:8

25:8 Paul said in his defense, ¹⁸  “I have committed no offense ¹⁹  against the Jewish law ²⁰  or against the temple or against Caesar.” ²¹ 

Kisah Para Rasul 28:18-19

28:18 When ²²  they had heard my case, ²³  they wanted to release me, ²⁴  because there was no basis for a death sentence ²⁵  against me. 28:19 But when the Jews objected, ²⁶  I was forced to appeal to Caesar ²⁷  – not that I had some charge to bring ²⁸  against my own people. ²⁹ 

[17:7]  ¹ tn Grk “whom.” Because of the awkwardness in English of having two relative clauses follow one another (“who have stirred up trouble…whom Jason has welcomed”) the relative pronoun here (“whom”) has been replaced by the conjunction “and,” creating a clause that is grammatically coordinate but logically subordinate in the translation.

[17:7]  ² tn Grk “and they.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun.

[17:7]  ³ tn Or “the emperor’s” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[17:7]  ⁴ tn The word “named” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied for clarity.

[17:7]  ⁵ sn Acting…saying…Jesus. The charges are serious, involving sedition (Luke 23:2). If the political charges were true, Rome would have to react.

[19:40]  ⁶ tn Grk “For indeed.” The ascensive force of καί (kai) would be awkward to translate here.

[19:40]  ⁷ tn The term translated “rioting” refers to a revolt or uprising (BDAG 940 s.v. στάσις 2, 3). This would threaten Roman rule and invite Roman intervention.

[19:40]  ⁸ tn Or “to account for.” Grk “since there is no cause concerning which we can give account concerning this disorderly gathering.” The complexity of the Greek relative clause (“which”) and the multiple prepositions (“concerning”) have been simplified in the translation consistent with contemporary English style.

[19:40]  ⁹ tn Or “commotion.” BDAG 979 s.v. συστροφή 1 gives the meaning “a tumultuous gathering of people, disorderly/seditious gathering or commotion…Ac 19:40.”

[22:24]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). In Greek the term χιλίαρχος (ciliarco") literally described the “commander of a thousand,” but it was used as the standard translation for the Latin tribunus militum or tribunus militare, the military tribune who commanded a cohort of 600 men.

[22:24]  ¹¹ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:24]  ¹² tn Or “the headquarters.” BDAG 775 s.v. παρεμβολή 2 has “barracks/headquarters of the Roman troops in Jerusalem Ac 21:34, 37; 22:24; 23:10, 16, 32.”

[22:24]  ¹³ tn Grk “into the barracks, saying.” This is a continuation of the same sentence in Greek using the participle εἴπας (eipas), but due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence a new sentence was begun in the translation here. The direct object “them” has been supplied; it is understood in Greek.

[22:24]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:24]  ¹⁵ sn To interrogate Paul by beating him with a lash. Under the Roman legal system it was customary to use physical torture to extract confessions or other information from prisoners who were not Roman citizens and who were charged with various crimes, especially treason or sedition. The lashing would be done with a whip of leather thongs with pieces of metal or bone attached to the ends.

[22:24]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the crowd) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[22:24]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[25:8]  ¹⁸ tn Grk “Paul saying in his defense”; the participle ἀπολογουμένου (apologoumenou) could be taken temporally (“when Paul said…”), but due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the participle was translated as a finite verb and a new sentence begun here in the translation. BDAG 116-17 s.v. ἀπολογέομαι has “W. ὅτι foll. τοῦ Παύλου ἀπολογουμένου, ὅτι when Paul said in his defense (direct quot. foll.) Ac 25:8.”

[25:8]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “I have sinned…in nothing.”

[25:8]  ²⁰ tn Grk “against the law of the Jews.” Here τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων has been translated as an attributive genitive.

[25:8]  sn The Jewish law refers to the law of Moses.

[25:8]  ²¹ tn Or “against the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[25:8]  sn Paul’s threefold claim to be innocent with respect to the law…the temple and Caesar argues that he has not disturbed the peace at any level. This was the standard charge made against early Christians (Luke 23:2; Acts 17:6-7). The charges here are emphatically denied, with the Greek conjunction oute repeated before each charge.

[28:18]  ²² tn Grk “who when.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“who”) has been replaced by the personal pronoun (“they”) and a new sentence begun at this point in the translation.

[28:18]  ²³ tn Or “had questioned me”; or “had examined me.” BDAG 66 s.v. ἀνακρίνω 2 states, “to conduct a judicial hearing, hear a case, question.”

[28:18]  ²⁴ sn They wanted to release me. See Acts 25:23-27.

[28:18]  ²⁵ tn Grk “no basis for death,” but in this context a sentence of death is clearly indicated.

[28:19]  ²⁶ tn That is, objected to my release.

[28:19]  ²⁷ tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[28:19]  ²⁸ tn BDAG 533 s.v. κατηγορέω 1 states, “nearly always as legal t.t.: bring charges in court.” L&N 33.427 states for κατηγορέω, “to bring serious charges or accusations against someone, with the possible connotation of a legal or court context – ‘to accuse, to bring charges.’”

[28:19]  ²⁹ tn Or “my own nation.”